![]() The primary purpose of the present study was to determine if 30-d of spore-based probiotic supplementation reduced post-prandial endotoxemia and triglycerides. To our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to clinically leverage the benefits of spore-based probiotics to improve health outcomes. According to the literature the biggest advantages of a “spore-based” probiotic is that it is compose of endosomes which are highly resistant to acidic pH, are stable at room temperature, and deliver a much greater quantity of high viability bacteria to the small intestine that traditional probiotic supplements. To address known issues with sufficient probiotic delivery, we utilized a “spore-based” probiotic in the present study. Given the direct link between nutrition, microbiota, GI permeability, and disease risk, our laboratory and others have speculated that these changes represent an appropriate treatment target for a probiotic intervention. The post-prandial time course varies for each biomarker, but generally the transient changes occur during the first five hours of the post-prandial period. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that consumption of a single, high-fat, high-calorie meal was associated with an increase in serum endotoxin, triglycerides, metabolic biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, endothelial microparticles, and monocyte adhesion molecules. Dietary endotoxemia transiently increases systemic inflammation, which chronically may increase one’s risk of a variety of diseases. Thus, it appears that two major limitations of the existing probiotic literature lie with an inability to identify “responder” subjects prior to enrollment and issues associated with viable probiotic delivery to the small intestine.ĭietary or metabolic endotoxemia occurs when one’s dietary consumption causes disruption in either GI permeability, the microbiota profile, or both. Recently it has been speculated gram positive, spore-forming probiotic strains may be a good alternative because the endospores that encapsulate the strains are highly resistant to stomach acid, potentially resulting in the delivery of more viable probiotics to the small intestine. Complicating oral probiotic supplementation efforts is the fact that few traditional probiotic supplements ( i.e., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) delivery fully viable bacteria to the small intestine. ![]() We have speculated that if an individual doesn’t have a pre-existing GI abnormality then they would not be a “responder” to probiotic supplementation. Further complicating matters is that probiotic supplementation does not yield consistent results. The lay literature has generally identified a goal of improved “GI health”, but unfortunately this is so broadly defined that it is nearly impossible to identify a single research focus. Recent efforts have focused on the use of over-the-counter probiotics (typically Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) to address symptoms associated with GI abnormalities. ![]() These same dietary choices coupled with low physical activity are believed to be the primary causes underlying the current obesity epidemic. Incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) distress and permeability has increased in prominence in modern society due in large part to the excessive consumption of highly processed, calorie dense, commercially available foods.
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